|
The Third India Armada was assembled in 1501 on the order of King Manuel I of Portugal and placed under the command of João da Nova. Nova's armada was relatively small and primarily commercial in objective. Nonetheless, they engaged the first significant Portuguese naval battle in the Indian Ocean. The Third Armada is also credited for the first discovery of the uninhabited islands of Ascension and Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. There is also some speculation that it may have been the first Portuguese armada to reach Ceylon. == The fleet == Of all the early Portuguese India armadas, the Third Armada of 1501 is perhaps the most elusive. The chroniclers' accounts are scant on details and differ significantly at several points. There are very few contemporary documents to help us substantiate information, reconcile accounts or supply missing details. The Third Armada was primarily a commercial run to India, composed of only four ships, two owned by the crown, two privately owned, plus (possibly) one supply ship. This list of captains is given in João de Barros's ''Décadas'',〔Barros, 1552: Dec. I, Bk V, c.10, (p.464. )〕 Damião de Góis's ''Chronica'',〔Góis, 1566: ch. 63 (p.83 )〕 Castanheda's ''História'',〔Castanheda, c. 1550s, ch. 63, (p.126 )〕 Couto's list,〔Couto, "De todas as armadas, &c.", in Barros & Couto, ''Decadas da Asia'', Dec. X, Pt.1, Bk.1, c.16, (p.118 )〕 Faria e Sousa's ''Asia'' 〔Faria e Sousa, 1666: vol. 1, Pt. 1, Ch.5, (p.50 )〕 and Quintella's ''Annaes''.〔Quintella, 1839: (p.257 )〕 Barbosa is replaced by a certain "Fernão Pacheco" in the lists given by Gaspar Correia's ''Lendas''〔Correia, (p.235 ) Correia refers to Vinet a "Mice Nite Florentym".〕 and the ''Relação das Naus''.〔''Relação das Naus'' (p.5 ); although it notes Barbosa rather than Pacheco in a side-gloss.〕 The ''Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu'' replaces Novais and Barbosa with Rui de Abreu and Duarte Pacheco (!).〔(Bouchon, 1980: (p.250 ))〕) This modest armada carried 350-400 men, only 80 of which were armed.〔Faria e Sousa (p.49) reports 400 men. Castanheda reports 80 armed men, "because the king believed that everything in India was at peace, he did not want to send more." (Castanheda, p.126)〕 The admiral was João da Nova, a Galician-born minor noble, ''alcaide pequeno'' of Lisbon, whose principal recommendation was probably his connection to the powerful Portuguese nobleman Tristão da Cunha.〔Subrahmanyam (1997: p.182)〕 The owners of the two private ships, D. Álvaro of Braganza and the Florentine Bartolomeo Marchionni, happened to have jointly outfitted the ''Anunciada'', one of the ships of the Second India Armada of Pedro Álvares Cabral that was still out at sea at the time. It was a considerable gamble for these private entities to outfit new ships before knowing the results of their previous enterprise. As it happens, the ''Anunciada'' would return safely to Lisbon later that same year, with a splendid cargo of spices. One of the passengers on the fleet was Paio Rodrigues, an employee of D. Álvaro of Braganza, who was under instructions to remain as a factor in India, not for the crown but for the private consortium. Another was Álvaro de Braga, a crown factor designated for Sofala. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|